SCOPE

Due to the enormity of the subject, the leisure sector will be focused on in order to make comparisons.

Key elements such as building regulations (especially regarding signage e.g. fire exit signs) are noted as a vital part of standard everyday design, however not focused on when exploring symbols as a manipulative design method.

Primary research will consist largely of case studies and experiments to observe the methods in place appropriately.

It is noted that ethically manipulation of users could be an issue however will not be focused on.

INTRODUCTION

‘An examination into how architecture manipulates human behaviour.’

Manipulative architecture comes from the idea that an impact is being made on the user from environmental elements. In the simplest terms within environmental psychology ‘The Mehrabian-Russell Model’ (Billings, 1990) (Figure 1) explains this theory.

Everything that humans come into contact with influences them in one way or another. This essay looks to examine how architecture effects everyday lives. In particular, distinguishing the specific methods in place within architecture and comparing how these are implemented.

It will also question the designer in this process and their intentions, especially as professionals, they identify that ‘places, environmental phenomena and the design process’ are interconnected as shown by Altman (1973) in Figure 2.

It is acknowledged that environmental psychology is a broad subject therefore this research will primarily focus on architecture within the leisure sector in order to make appropriate comparisons and conclusions at a microcosmic level.